Parallel connection
Connecting all the positive or all the negative poles of several batteries. This increases the capacity of a battery network while maintaining a constant voltage.
Part, lead-coated
>> Lead-coated part.
Paste
Mixtures of various compounds, (e.g. >> lead oxide and >> de-mineralised water, >> sulphuric acid) that are used to coat positive and negative lead battery grids.
A distinction is made between positive and negative pastes depending on the recipe. These pastes are then transformed into positive and negative cured masses.
>> Mass, active; >> Curing.
Paste consistency
A term that includes the physical characteristics of the paste, such as density and elasticity.
Paste mixer
The paste mixer produces >> paste for the negative and positive plate. Most battery manufacturers use batch mixers with a capacity between 800 and 1.500 kg and
a mixing time between 20 and 40 minutes
Pasting
Application of active pastes to lead grids.
Pasting machine
The grid pasting machine fills the grids with the paste, also called active mass. Several models are available: for cast grids, expanded and continuously cast grids.
Pasting machines for expanded and continuously cast grids are equipped with a device for coupling the pasted (endless) grid with an lower and upper paper strip.
For special applications drum pasters, double side pasters or pasting machines with steel belts are used.
Pellet
Active material or dried paste bounded by two neighbouring horizontal grid bars and two neighbouring vertical bars.
Pentrometer
Tool for measuring the >> paste consistency.
Pickling
1. Immersing a positive lead plate into a diluted sulphuric acid solution.
2. A process in which specific plate types are saturated in sulphuric acid after pasting. The saturation produces a protective surface and a supply of sulphate which
supports container and tank formation.
Plate
An electrode consisting of a grid and active mass, positive or negative, formed or unformed.
Plate block
Assembly of alternating positive and negative plates. In order to electrically isolate the plates from each other, one plate sort (positive or negative) is fitted with
a pocket separator (>> Cell).
Plate feeder
Equipment which feeds a enveloping, stacking, sleeving or wrapping with plates.
Plate parting and lug brushing machine
Used to cut double into single plates. Can cut the lugs in the same time to the requested length and brush/clean the lugs.
Plate, negative
>> Electrode, negative.
Plate, positive
>> Electrode, positive.
Plug
Component with venting ducts for sealing a cell opening.
Plug sealing machine
Machine which can be used at the end of the assembly line when dry charged batteries are produced but is normally part of the >> Finishing line.
Polarity
Electrical term for describing the charge or voltage relationship between two electrodes.
Pole
>> Terminal.
Polyethylene separator
PE-separator is the standard material for starter batteries in North America, Australia and in Europe. More and more used also in South America and Asia. Nearly 100% of it
used on >> enveloping machines, which wraps the material round the plate and seals it lateral. In a special design (thicker backweb, more overall thickness) it is used also for
industrial batteries - in both forms: as a >> leaf type separator but also in form of a >> sleeve. PE-separator consists of an ultra-highmolecular polyethylene and amorphous silica
and has a high porosity.
Polyethylene separator with attached glass mat
Special version of a Polyethylene separator with attached glass mat. Normally used for the production of >> heavy duty batteries.
Pores
Cavities in an active battery mass.
Porosity
Percentage of total volume occupied by voids.
Positive electrode
>> Electrode, positive.
Positive plate
>> Electrode, positive.
Positive terminal
Positive pole on a cell or battery.
Post finishing machine
Machine for automatic welding of the positive and negative pole (pillar). Normally part of an >> battery assembly line.
Post greasing machine
Greases the freshly brushed posts (poles) to prevent posts from oxidation
Post polishing machine
Brushes the posts to eliminate oxide
Power, electromotive
>> Electromotive power.
Pressure die casting
Method for producing lead grids where liquid lead is pressed into a casting mould under high pressure.
Primary battery
A battery which cannot be recharged. Also named dry cell or dry battery.
Purified water
Distilled or demineralized water for compensating the water losses in batteries requiring maintenance.
PVC separator
Leaf type separator, made from sintered PVC, still used in special applications and in countries, where hand stacking is popular.
PVC separator has been made popular all over the world from company Jungfer from Austria. They installed approx. 140 PVC sintering machines all over the world in the
sixties and seventies of the last century.